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Unit 13 Travel
I. 不定式的用法

不定式属于动词的非限定形式。不定式由不定式符号 to 加动词构成。不定式可充当多种句子成分,如下表所示:

成分

例句

主语

To do exercises every day is good.(每天锻炼有益。)

宾语

(或宾语补足语)

He wants to be a lawyer. (他想当律师。)

Tell him to come tomorrow.(叫他明天来。)

表语

To know everything is to know nothing.(样样都懂,样样不精。)

定语

Would you like something to drink?(您想喝点什么吗?)

It’s time to go to work.(上班的时间到了。)

状语

They went there to see a hot movie. (他们到那里看热门电影。)

II. 疑问句+不定式

这类由疑问词(如:what,when,how,where 等)+不定式的结构在句子中充当宾语、宾语补足语或表语。例如:

I don’t know which way to take. (我不知道走哪条路。)

He often advises Tom what to do. (他经常建议汤姆该做什么。)

All the children know when to have the class. (所有孩子都知道什么时候上课。)

The trouble is where to find a nice house. (麻烦是到哪里去找好房子。)

The problem(问题)is how to start the computer. (问题是如何启动该计算机。)

III. some, any, no 以及它们的合成代词的用法

some 主要用于肯定句和说话人带有肯定意图的疑问句。例如:

There is some water in the bottle.(瓶子里有一些水。)

What about some coffee?(来些咖啡怎么样?)

any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句及具有否定含义的动词、形容词或介词的分句中。

no 用于否定句,可用来代替 not any。例如:I have no sister.(我没有姐妹。)

另外,some,any,no 还能和 body,one,thing 构成合成代词。

somebody

anybody

nobody

someone

anyone

no one

something

anything

nothing

some,any,no 一样,由 some 构成的合成代词通常用于肯定句,由 any 构成的合成代词用于否定句和疑问句,由 no 构成的合成代词用于否定句,它们用法和 some,any,no 相类似。例如:

Someone (= Somebody) is at the table.(有人在桌子旁边。)

Can anyone (=anybody) take a walk with me?(有人能和我散步吗?)

Do you know anything about it? ( 你知道有关这件事情的情况吗?)

I know nothing (=don’t know anything ) about it. (对此事我一无所知。)

这些合成代词用作一般现在时句子的主语时,谓语动词都用第三人称单数形式。