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Unit 13 Travel |
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I. 不定式的用法
不定式属于动词的非限定形式。不定式由不定式符号 to 加动词构成。不定式可充当多种句子成分,如下表所示:
成分 |
例句 |
主语 |
To do exercises every day is good.(每天锻炼有益。) |
宾语
(或宾语补足语) |
He wants to be a lawyer. (他想当律师。)
Tell him to come tomorrow.(叫他明天来。) |
表语 |
To know everything is to know nothing.(样样都懂,样样不精。) |
定语 |
Would you like something to drink?(您想喝点什么吗?)
It’s time to go to work.(上班的时间到了。) |
状语 |
They went there to see a hot movie. (他们到那里看热门电影。) |
II. 疑问句+不定式
这类由疑问词(如:what,when,how,where 等)+不定式的结构在句子中充当宾语、宾语补足语或表语。例如:
I don’t know which way to take. (我不知道走哪条路。)
He often advises Tom what to do. (他经常建议汤姆该做什么。)
All the children know when to have the class. (所有孩子都知道什么时候上课。)
The trouble is where to find a nice house. (麻烦是到哪里去找好房子。)
The problem(问题)is how to start the computer. (问题是如何启动该计算机。)
III. some, any, no 以及它们的合成代词的用法
some 主要用于肯定句和说话人带有肯定意图的疑问句。例如:
There is some water in the bottle.(瓶子里有一些水。)
What about some coffee?(来些咖啡怎么样?)
any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句及具有否定含义的动词、形容词或介词的分句中。
no 用于否定句,可用来代替 not any。例如:I have no sister.(我没有姐妹。)
另外,some,any,no 还能和 body,one,thing 构成合成代词。
somebody |
anybody |
nobody |
someone |
anyone |
no one |
something |
anything |
nothing |
和 some,any,no 一样,由 some 构成的合成代词通常用于肯定句,由 any 构成的合成代词用于否定句和疑问句,由 no 构成的合成代词用于否定句,它们用法和 some,any,no 相类似。例如:
Someone (= Somebody) is at the table.(有人在桌子旁边。)
Can anyone (=anybody) take a walk with me?(有人能和我散步吗?)
Do you know anything about it? ( 你知道有关这件事情的情况吗?)
I know nothing (=don’t know anything ) about it. (对此事我一无所知。)
这些合成代词用作一般现在时句子的主语时,谓语动词都用第三人称单数形式。 |