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Unit 16 Presents |
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I. 一般过去时(simple past tense)
1.一般过去时的用法
一般过去时既可以表示在确定的过去时间发生的动作或状态,也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的习惯动作。它常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
I was at home last week. (我上周呆在家里。)
She often went to bed very late last year. (她去年经常很晚睡觉。)
Alan liked gardening very much when he was young. (埃伦年轻时很喜欢园艺。)
2.一般过去时的构成
动词一般过去时的形式有规则和不规则之分。规则动词的一般过去式为:
a. 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed。例如:work - worked,watch - watched
b. 以 e 结尾的动词加-d。例如:live - lived, please - pleased
c. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词,先变 y 为 i ,再加 -ed。例如:hurry - hurried,carry - carried
d. 以元音字母+y 结尾的动词,直接加 -ed。例如:play - play,enjoy - enjoyed
e. 以单辅音字母结尾,而这个辅音字母前为单元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 的单音节动词, 在加 -ed 之前要重复词尾的辅音字母。例如:drop - dropped,stop - stopped,ban - banned
以单辅音字母结尾而这个辅音字母前为单元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 的双音节动词,如果重音在最后音节,在加 -ed时,仍应重复词尾的辅音字母。例如:refer - referred,commit - committed,equip - equipped
不规则动词指不按照上述规律构成过去式的动词。例如:do - did, have - had,go - went,see - saw, is - was,take -took等。
3.动词一般过去时的疑问式和否定式
疑问式由 did 加上主语再加上动词原形构成,否定式由did not/ didn’t 加上动词原形构成,如下表所示:
肯定式 |
疑问式 |
否定式 |
I worked. |
Did I work? |
I didn’t work. |
You worked. |
Did you work? |
You didn’t work. |
He/She worked. |
Did he / she work? |
He /She didn’t work. |
We worked. |
Did we work? |
We didn’t work. |
You worked. |
Did you work? |
You didn’t work. |
They worked. |
Did they work? |
They didn’t work. |
动词 be 一般过去时的肯定式、疑问式和否定式:
肯定式 |
疑问式 |
否定式 |
I was a student. |
Was I a student? |
I was not a student. |
You were a student. |
Were you a student? |
You were not a student. |
He /She was a student. |
Was he / she a student? |
He / She was not a student. |
We were students. |
Were we students? |
We were not students. |
You were students. |
Were you students? |
You were not students. |
They were students. |
Were they students? |
They were not students. |
II. 反身代词 (reflexive pronoun)
英语中的人称代词都有其反身形式,它们被叫做反身代词,又称自身代词。主要的反身代词如下表所示:
人称单 |
单数 |
复数 |
第一人称 |
myself |
ourselves |
第二人称 |
yourself |
yourselves |
第三人称 |
himself/herself/itself |
themselves |
反身代词通常有两大类用法:非强调性用法和强调性用法。比如,反身代词用做动词宾语时一般属于非强调性用法,这种用法的反身代词一般不必重读。例如:enjoy oneself (玩得高兴),teach oneself (自学),say to oneself (自言自语)等等。
反身代词作同位语或主语补语属于强调性用法。这种用法的反身代词要重读,而且它在句中的位置比较灵活。例如:
The manager chaired the meeting himself. (经理本人主持了那场会议。)
Lucy herself will perform the operation. (露茜将亲自主刀。)
Frank is not quite himself today. (弗兰克今天身体不适。) |